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Peripheral blood stem cells are emerging as one of the most important sources of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into patients suffering from cancer and haematological disorders. Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is said to have benefits like reduced morbidity, rapid recovery of haematopoiesis and enhanced cost-effectiveness. In this article, we will examine peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in-depth as it offers a potential cure for a variety of diseases.
The collection of stem cells from a person's blood circulation is what allows for a peripheral blood stem cell transplant, also known as PBSCT. There are certain types of PBSCT which are:
Allogeneic PBSC is when a sick individual requires PBSCT and must receive the donor’s stem cells, usually provided by a relative or an older unrelated person. Peripheral blood stem cells are obtained through a procedure called blood apheresis.
In an attempt to target diseased cells, high doses of chemotherapy or radiation are used so that new stem cells can replace the old. Autologous PBSCT is a process that allows an individual to use their own stem cells.
Newborns' extracted umbilical cords contain blood rich in stem cells that are stored in various cord blood banks, and these can be utilized for PBSCT.
Let us now look at the recent advancements in peripheral blood stem cell transplantation process:
Improvements in Donor Selection and Matching
Donor matching and selection have been greatly facilitated by advances in HLA typing and genetic testing. High-resolution HLA typing and next-generation sequencing technologies allow exact matching and a lower risk of graft rejection with better transplant outcomes.
Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen
Recent advancements have produced reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) programs. RIC has widened the pool of patients eligible for PBSCT to include older patients and previously ineligible patients with health concerns.
Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy
Protocols for precondition and post-transplant care now include targeted treatments such as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. These treatments precisely target cancer cells, increasing the efficacy of PBSCT by removing remaining disease and lowering the chance of relapse.
Improved Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Management
GVHD, a major consequence of allogeneic PBSCT, is treated with immunosuppressive drugs, pharmacological agents, or mesenchymal stem cell treatment. These improvements minimize inflammation and modify the immune response, hence improving patient outcomes and disease management.
Advancements in recent years regarding peripheral blood stem cells, allogeneic transplants, and autologous transplants of peripheral blood stem cells have improved the outcomes and increased the eligibility criteria for the patients. Better donor matching and selection, newer low-intensity conditioning regimens, targeted therapies, and better management of GVHD have all contributed to improved outcomes and increased availability of PBSCT. With Cryoviva Life Sciences by your side, cryopreservation of vital stem cells will protect your child and relatives from fatal diseases. Contact us today to know more!
